Of the approximately 250,000 schools in Indonesia, starting elementary school (elementary school) through high school (High School), there are only 23,000 to 21,000 libraries library staff. Than 21,000 workers, only 250 people really librarians. Librarians urged the addition of a library in order to support developing education. "If the school library fails to function, would be systematically worse. The school became not developed and will be missed, "said Chairman of the School Library's Empowerment Ministry of National Education in Wasis D Wiyogo Labor Convention Seminar and School Library DIY Provincial Indonesia, Saturday (16 / 1). Kholidoh, Islamic elementary school librarian Lukman Hakim Yogyakarta, said the heavy task of librarian lived not only to manage the library and recommend books that should be in school to buy, but also how to make the library attractive to attend. (PRA)
Source: Koran Kompas, Monday, January 18, 2010
Tuesday, January 19, 2010
Thursday, January 14, 2010
Quality Education: Graduates Ready to Work and entrepreneurship
Jakarta, KOMPAS - Alignment of education and the world of work not only to prepare graduates who are ready to work because they have the skills or expertise needed in the industry. Alignment of education must also be able to train graduates to become independent entrepreneurs who can provide employment for himself or others.
"Alignment of education and the world of work became an important focus at the moment, said Hamid Muhammad, Director General of Non-Formal and Informal Ministry of National Education, in the release of some 16 professors from universities to study entrepreneurship in the United States on Friday (8 / 1) night in Jakarta.
Hamid said, urging alignment done because the higher one's education the lower the self-sufficiency. This is reflected in the rising unemployment of educated in secondary education and higher.
For entrepreneurship education, Hamid said, not only developed in schools and colleges. Education outside the school such as literacy, institutional courses, and public education will also be developed.
In Indonesia there are approximately 100,000 institutions and courses 5000 Learning Community Activities Center (PKBM) which also need a touch of alignment.
Ciputra, founder of the University of Ciputra Entrepreneurship Center (UCEC) says, by providing opportunities for faculty to get entrepreneurship education in the best place, the opportunity to spread entrepreneurship on campus and the greater community. Therefore, the Kauffman Foundation, entrepreneurship training institutions in the United States, Indonesia supports the desire to disseminate and establish entrepreneurship education.
"If the train analogy, Indonesia has many 'cars'. Due to the limited locomotive, the cars less and less interested. We need to multiply the engine, namely that entrepreuneur more jobs, "said Ciputra.
Source: KOMPAS newspaper, Monday, January 11, 2010.
"Alignment of education and the world of work became an important focus at the moment, said Hamid Muhammad, Director General of Non-Formal and Informal Ministry of National Education, in the release of some 16 professors from universities to study entrepreneurship in the United States on Friday (8 / 1) night in Jakarta.
Hamid said, urging alignment done because the higher one's education the lower the self-sufficiency. This is reflected in the rising unemployment of educated in secondary education and higher.
For entrepreneurship education, Hamid said, not only developed in schools and colleges. Education outside the school such as literacy, institutional courses, and public education will also be developed.
In Indonesia there are approximately 100,000 institutions and courses 5000 Learning Community Activities Center (PKBM) which also need a touch of alignment.
Ciputra, founder of the University of Ciputra Entrepreneurship Center (UCEC) says, by providing opportunities for faculty to get entrepreneurship education in the best place, the opportunity to spread entrepreneurship on campus and the greater community. Therefore, the Kauffman Foundation, entrepreneurship training institutions in the United States, Indonesia supports the desire to disseminate and establish entrepreneurship education.
"If the train analogy, Indonesia has many 'cars'. Due to the limited locomotive, the cars less and less interested. We need to multiply the engine, namely that entrepreuneur more jobs, "said Ciputra.
Source: KOMPAS newspaper, Monday, January 11, 2010.
Wednesday, January 13, 2010
RELATIONSHIPS WITH FAMILY SCHOOL
RELATIONSHIPS WITH FAMILY SCHOOL
Viewed in sociological
A. Introduction
Sociology comes from the Latin words of two words; Socius and Logos. It literally or etymologically the word means socius; friends, comrades, friends, while logos means science. So sociology is the science of how friends, friends, friends or a study that talked about how to get along with people.
Operationally sociology is a science which studies society as a whole, the inter relationship between man and man, man with groups, groups with groups, both formal and material, both static and dynamic (Major Polak).
Families and schools are the institutions or social institutions is very influential on the development of the students. Because the family and school interaction between individuals or groups with various interests. Therefore very interesting to examine the relationships in families and schools in the review of sociology.
B. Problem formulation
To focus the problem in this paper is taken as the definition problem is "How a family relationship with the school?"
C. Purpose
In accordance with the focus on the problem, then the purpose of this paper is to provide a clearer picture of the "family relationship with the school in a sociological review".
D. Discussion
1. Family Concept
Family is a group of people united by ties of kinship, marriage or adoption are socially approved, which usually jointly occupy their homes and interact with the social roles that have been well defined.
Referring to the sociocultural meaning of family in Indonesia in particular, have known that the family functions: (a) As the primary community, namely the relationship between family members is essential and exclusive bond due to biological, legal bond and because of togetherness in maintaining life; ( b) as the affection (affection) on the basis of biological ties or legal ties driven by a sense of obligation and responsibility; (c) as an institution that caused the formation of beliefs adherence factors, religion, cultural values, good moral values derived from the family or from outside; (d) as an institution needs, both material and spiritual; (e) the institution community participation, which interact in various activities, both with other families and the community at large with the surrounding natural environment.
In the family interaction between family members. The interaction between husband and wife, father and child, mother and child, even among families with other families. In the interaction that will occur the learning process, coaching, mentoring, or the educational process.
The process of education for children in the family will be reciprocal, are parents to educate their children and instead parents were helped develop the child's personality. Similarly, a family learning process between husband and wife happen reciprocity. In any circle, the family institution of education contributed to the children, especially in the formation of personality. Institution of the family as an agent of socialization and faith formation agents to Allah SWT. The family as a place of learning beginning of the norms, rules, or the values and religious beliefs. Parents will be a model or models will be the first echoes of his son. Therefore, the family became dominant role in the process of personality and character education for children. The activities include education in the family; religious beliefs, moral values, and cultural values.
Oqbum according to the function while the family was as follows:
* Function affection
* Economic function
* The function of education
* Function protection / preservation
* Function recreation
* Function of family status
* The function of religion
The family consists of individuals, but is part of the social network larger. Only through community families can get the necessary support from individuals. Instead, families can continue to survive only if supported by the wider community. If society as a system of social groups to support larger families, as a social subsystem of smaller, or as a requirement that families that can survive both types of systems should be interconnected in so many important things ..
2. Concept School
The school is a formal social institutions and deliberately in the form of transforming the values and norms that develop within a society. According to Havighurst that forms in the public schools in general have 3 establishment:
a) the form of traditional school
According to this view then the school must be completely out of the community. Thus, these schools will limit and isolate themselves from society. Left-time in school is mostly divided between the 3 r (reading, writing, arithmatic) or 3m (reading, writing and counting). And lessons Itupun also separate from each other.
b) schools as a form of capital from the public.
It means that schools located in the student activities. So the students to school activities. Here the children learn so that he can live as a man who is capable and good in society.
c) the form of public school
In principle, these schools are closely associated with the community. School here as an implementation in order to be good people, and students can engage actively in the community, both children and adults. Community here as the basis of education and there is a tendency to think that the whole society is a society for educators.
3. Family Relations with Schools
The family as the smallest organizational unit in the community have a very important role because it forms the personality and character of his family. While society consists of families. From the smallest unit that formed the idea to continue to pass on the standard of character and personality are well recognized by all the community groups, one who left institutions personality and character to the community is the school. Schools will not hold up if not supported by the community, therefore these two social systems are mutually supportive and complementary. If the school can form a good social change based on the value or the applicable rules, then the society will experience social change.
As one form of school as part of the community formed community schools (community school). This school is centered life. The main lesson is the need for human beings, the problems and social processes in order to improve life in society. Society is seen as a laboratory where children learn, explore and participate in community efforts to contain elements of education. The criteria for the school community (school community) can be summarized as follows:
a. School as a teacher of a society of children:
Ø The school has a government school where children learn to order their own, he has a program that variety, he allows every child to get something constructive they can do successfully.
Ø Using the resources of local communities.
Ø The school works to improve local communities.
Ø The school tends to organize the curriculum in classes early around local issues and local issues.
b. School as a center of community life and action for people of all ages and classes:
Ø Assisting the physical facilities for learning and recreation.
Ø The school has an adult education program.
Ø Bringing teachers into public life as a partner to solve every problem.
While the characteristics of public schools according to Olsen is as follows:
a. Schools that improve local life. With the school, the people in the community become a better human being, physically, emotionally, socially and materially.
b. The school uses the community as a laboratory for learning. School here is not just limited to the four walls of the classroom, but must open the door to a reciprocal relationship with the community.
c. The school building became a community center.
d. School makes curriculum based on the processes and problems, problems in society.
e. Schools include parents in school affairs.
f. Participating schools to coordinate the community. To improve the living standards of society, all institutions in society must work together.
g. Schools can implement and spread the philosophy of the state in all human relationships.
E. Conclusion
As one of the existing institutions in the community can not be separated families by the community itself. Because the structure of society is made up of sets of families as one. While schools are the institutions in the community that has a function as a cultural and moral transformation in life. If the cultural and moral transaformasi conducted successful schools, students can take him to the family environment. Thus the family will be social change in a positive direction for the administration to perpetuate the community's life. With mutual relationship both from families and schools it will form a strong community of cultural, economic, social and religious.
Viewed in sociological
A. Introduction
Sociology comes from the Latin words of two words; Socius and Logos. It literally or etymologically the word means socius; friends, comrades, friends, while logos means science. So sociology is the science of how friends, friends, friends or a study that talked about how to get along with people.
Operationally sociology is a science which studies society as a whole, the inter relationship between man and man, man with groups, groups with groups, both formal and material, both static and dynamic (Major Polak).
Families and schools are the institutions or social institutions is very influential on the development of the students. Because the family and school interaction between individuals or groups with various interests. Therefore very interesting to examine the relationships in families and schools in the review of sociology.
B. Problem formulation
To focus the problem in this paper is taken as the definition problem is "How a family relationship with the school?"
C. Purpose
In accordance with the focus on the problem, then the purpose of this paper is to provide a clearer picture of the "family relationship with the school in a sociological review".
D. Discussion
1. Family Concept
Family is a group of people united by ties of kinship, marriage or adoption are socially approved, which usually jointly occupy their homes and interact with the social roles that have been well defined.
Referring to the sociocultural meaning of family in Indonesia in particular, have known that the family functions: (a) As the primary community, namely the relationship between family members is essential and exclusive bond due to biological, legal bond and because of togetherness in maintaining life; ( b) as the affection (affection) on the basis of biological ties or legal ties driven by a sense of obligation and responsibility; (c) as an institution that caused the formation of beliefs adherence factors, religion, cultural values, good moral values derived from the family or from outside; (d) as an institution needs, both material and spiritual; (e) the institution community participation, which interact in various activities, both with other families and the community at large with the surrounding natural environment.
In the family interaction between family members. The interaction between husband and wife, father and child, mother and child, even among families with other families. In the interaction that will occur the learning process, coaching, mentoring, or the educational process.
The process of education for children in the family will be reciprocal, are parents to educate their children and instead parents were helped develop the child's personality. Similarly, a family learning process between husband and wife happen reciprocity. In any circle, the family institution of education contributed to the children, especially in the formation of personality. Institution of the family as an agent of socialization and faith formation agents to Allah SWT. The family as a place of learning beginning of the norms, rules, or the values and religious beliefs. Parents will be a model or models will be the first echoes of his son. Therefore, the family became dominant role in the process of personality and character education for children. The activities include education in the family; religious beliefs, moral values, and cultural values.
Oqbum according to the function while the family was as follows:
* Function affection
* Economic function
* The function of education
* Function protection / preservation
* Function recreation
* Function of family status
* The function of religion
The family consists of individuals, but is part of the social network larger. Only through community families can get the necessary support from individuals. Instead, families can continue to survive only if supported by the wider community. If society as a system of social groups to support larger families, as a social subsystem of smaller, or as a requirement that families that can survive both types of systems should be interconnected in so many important things ..
2. Concept School
The school is a formal social institutions and deliberately in the form of transforming the values and norms that develop within a society. According to Havighurst that forms in the public schools in general have 3 establishment:
a) the form of traditional school
According to this view then the school must be completely out of the community. Thus, these schools will limit and isolate themselves from society. Left-time in school is mostly divided between the 3 r (reading, writing, arithmatic) or 3m (reading, writing and counting). And lessons Itupun also separate from each other.
b) schools as a form of capital from the public.
It means that schools located in the student activities. So the students to school activities. Here the children learn so that he can live as a man who is capable and good in society.
c) the form of public school
In principle, these schools are closely associated with the community. School here as an implementation in order to be good people, and students can engage actively in the community, both children and adults. Community here as the basis of education and there is a tendency to think that the whole society is a society for educators.
3. Family Relations with Schools
The family as the smallest organizational unit in the community have a very important role because it forms the personality and character of his family. While society consists of families. From the smallest unit that formed the idea to continue to pass on the standard of character and personality are well recognized by all the community groups, one who left institutions personality and character to the community is the school. Schools will not hold up if not supported by the community, therefore these two social systems are mutually supportive and complementary. If the school can form a good social change based on the value or the applicable rules, then the society will experience social change.
As one form of school as part of the community formed community schools (community school). This school is centered life. The main lesson is the need for human beings, the problems and social processes in order to improve life in society. Society is seen as a laboratory where children learn, explore and participate in community efforts to contain elements of education. The criteria for the school community (school community) can be summarized as follows:
a. School as a teacher of a society of children:
Ø The school has a government school where children learn to order their own, he has a program that variety, he allows every child to get something constructive they can do successfully.
Ø Using the resources of local communities.
Ø The school works to improve local communities.
Ø The school tends to organize the curriculum in classes early around local issues and local issues.
b. School as a center of community life and action for people of all ages and classes:
Ø Assisting the physical facilities for learning and recreation.
Ø The school has an adult education program.
Ø Bringing teachers into public life as a partner to solve every problem.
While the characteristics of public schools according to Olsen is as follows:
a. Schools that improve local life. With the school, the people in the community become a better human being, physically, emotionally, socially and materially.
b. The school uses the community as a laboratory for learning. School here is not just limited to the four walls of the classroom, but must open the door to a reciprocal relationship with the community.
c. The school building became a community center.
d. School makes curriculum based on the processes and problems, problems in society.
e. Schools include parents in school affairs.
f. Participating schools to coordinate the community. To improve the living standards of society, all institutions in society must work together.
g. Schools can implement and spread the philosophy of the state in all human relationships.
E. Conclusion
As one of the existing institutions in the community can not be separated families by the community itself. Because the structure of society is made up of sets of families as one. While schools are the institutions in the community that has a function as a cultural and moral transformation in life. If the cultural and moral transaformasi conducted successful schools, students can take him to the family environment. Thus the family will be social change in a positive direction for the administration to perpetuate the community's life. With mutual relationship both from families and schools it will form a strong community of cultural, economic, social and religious.
Tuesday, January 12, 2010
Indonesian education is to Indonesiaan
The problem of education in Indonsia vary widely, depending on which elements we see it. The emergence of education for indigenous Indonesian people are educated in the colonial era that nobility allotment and Dutch employees. Before there was practically no occupiers formal education in the earth of this archipelago. Writing letters ancient Javanese also taught only in aristocratic circles, practically the commoners could not educated.
With the ethical policy of the Dutch colonists was a glimmer of hope for the people of Indonesia to attend school even though not all can go to school. Surely education in schools implementing school standard or rule that is in Dutch.
With the ethical policy of the Dutch colonists was a glimmer of hope for the people of Indonesia to attend school even though not all can go to school. Surely education in schools implementing school standard or rule that is in Dutch.
After 64 years of our independence we should reflect on the existing education today. Why does the problem still occurs on a large nation that has 64 years of independence? Why not go back there education workshop power Indonesia? The author is not not agree on an international schools are mushrooming in Indonesia but why we are more interested in foreign products than the product itself? If a foreign product better? Are we as a great nation can not make the product better education?. The author agrees to the front of the world requires global knowledge, but we can go global with the local force. Instead we tend to follow the public school RSBI (request for an international school) with the same curriculum using only bilingual. Then what's the difference? more emphasis on international factors introductory language use English as the language of world communication. Do not we should develop local potential for the global heading. Local wisdom has been proven to bring improvement in education. If we run this with a consistent 60 years Indonesia has become the reference country in the world of education by developing local forces. Many things can be developed from the local power as an example of making bricks from the ground view, perhaps there is no standard curriculum is taught in schools but this technology has grown rapidly in the community. In Indonesia and the extent of the spread of the population will be capital for the local power-based education to Indonesiaan.
With the ethical policy of the Dutch colonists was a glimmer of hope for the people of Indonesia to attend school even though not all can go to school. Surely education in schools implementing school standard or rule that is in Dutch.
With the ethical policy of the Dutch colonists was a glimmer of hope for the people of Indonesia to attend school even though not all can go to school. Surely education in schools implementing school standard or rule that is in Dutch.
After 64 years of our independence we should reflect on the existing education today. Why does the problem still occurs on a large nation that has 64 years of independence? Why not go back there education workshop power Indonesia? The author is not not agree on an international schools are mushrooming in Indonesia but why we are more interested in foreign products than the product itself? If a foreign product better? Are we as a great nation can not make the product better education?. The author agrees to the front of the world requires global knowledge, but we can go global with the local force. Instead we tend to follow the public school RSBI (request for an international school) with the same curriculum using only bilingual. Then what's the difference? more emphasis on international factors introductory language use English as the language of world communication. Do not we should develop local potential for the global heading. Local wisdom has been proven to bring improvement in education. If we run this with a consistent 60 years Indonesia has become the reference country in the world of education by developing local forces. Many things can be developed from the local power as an example of making bricks from the ground view, perhaps there is no standard curriculum is taught in schools but this technology has grown rapidly in the community. In Indonesia and the extent of the spread of the population will be capital for the local power-based education to Indonesiaan.
Monday, January 11, 2010
New Year
Substitution of from time to time is always lively with various activities, especially activities in a festive celebration, blowing trumpets, and so on, that's what the new year, closing the year with the celebration. In essence the new year or not running depending on the time we fill the time could be useful or not. but there are those that reflect Part of the new year for evaluation in order to continue a better life ahead.
Interpretation of the new year is very diverse and legitimate interpretation of the new year according to his view. we just have to agree that the turn of the year is a natural thing and will continue as long as the earth is still there, next year could be a new momentum to do the best things in life, and make changes that lead to improved quality of life of an individual or universal.
Fun people to celebrate the new year in response positively by the market as a means to make profits at the beginning of the year, New Year celebrations are a lot of the cost, people are consumptive within reach of money in his wallet for the purposes of the new year. Velocity of money on that night so many examples of small, trumpet prices an average of Rp 5.000, - if on the night purchased by 5 million people in Indonesia so that day as much money turns 25 billion, yet the celebration at the resorts, restaurants and others. It is economically very profitable.
In view of moral education in terms of very little use for New Year celebrations are usually accompanied by parties who do not educate, a convoy of motorcycles with no traffic order and many more. on one side is very profitable in economic terms and the other in moral education is not profitable and will be trapped in a culture of consumerism. That is a phenomenon that appears when we are too glorifies material above all else. hopefully we can keep our good morals.
Interpretation of the new year is very diverse and legitimate interpretation of the new year according to his view. we just have to agree that the turn of the year is a natural thing and will continue as long as the earth is still there, next year could be a new momentum to do the best things in life, and make changes that lead to improved quality of life of an individual or universal.
Fun people to celebrate the new year in response positively by the market as a means to make profits at the beginning of the year, New Year celebrations are a lot of the cost, people are consumptive within reach of money in his wallet for the purposes of the new year. Velocity of money on that night so many examples of small, trumpet prices an average of Rp 5.000, - if on the night purchased by 5 million people in Indonesia so that day as much money turns 25 billion, yet the celebration at the resorts, restaurants and others. It is economically very profitable.
In view of moral education in terms of very little use for New Year celebrations are usually accompanied by parties who do not educate, a convoy of motorcycles with no traffic order and many more. on one side is very profitable in economic terms and the other in moral education is not profitable and will be trapped in a culture of consumerism. That is a phenomenon that appears when we are too glorifies material above all else. hopefully we can keep our good morals.
Sunday, January 10, 2010
If The teacher demonstrating good
In Tegal Indonesia on Monday (4/1/10) about 4,000 teachers marched in front of Parliament House demanding Kab.Tegal increase welfare benefits and the teachers reject discrimination WB (Kompas, 5/1/10). It is ironic indeed education fighters to be rallying together students with the real classic issue of "welfare". There are various reasons why the march is to demand something, maybe there are channels of communication disabilities, the path is not mediation produced an agreement, or even just for a mass show of force.
Honorarium of teachers welfare problems in private schools has become a national issue after certification policies intended only for teachers, whereas in private schools only for Teachers Still a certification are eligible. Formal judicial true there is no legal umbrella shading honorarium teachers or private teachers, all policies submitted to the school management (foundation) or the principal, so no wonder the status of employees is also very vulnerable to sudden dismissed. Thus the government actually sometimes do not have valid data that actually the number of private teachers because many teachers out of teaching at a school.
Government Department of Education in this case may have been trying to discipline the teacher data and issuing staff with NUPTK (Number of Unique Education and Workforce), but for teachers who teach in the honorarium of two or more NUPTK where it is usually rejected. On the other hand the private schools also tend to recruit teachers according to his own standards and even a phenomenon that appears anyone can become a teacher, even a non-scientific background education. Being a teacher can not just rely on, but must have good sense or taste to be a non-education graduates pendidik.Banyak as hard to get a job eventually became a teacher. Teaching profession as if easily done by anyone, so do not be surprised if its output was not very encouraging.
Thus if the certification of teachers to improve teacher quality because it comes from a variety of scholarship for distandarisaikan it is a good start, but the phenomenon appears many teachers want to follow the certification only after the material alone (money). We agree that the professional is to be paid memamng expensive but sometimes weak moral responsibility. Many researches reveal after the certification of teachers' performance was not increased significantly.
Honorarium for teachers with low income are facing a big dilemma, on one hand wants to devote himself to education, on the other side of the material itself also needs to continue living. But the laws of nature say struggling because the pleasures of life payahlah being enfolded in hard work. became a teacher in today's demanding creativity, high inovavasi to menggembangkan potential that will impact their students. Good Friends fight Indonesian Teacher Gusti Ora Sare God.
Wawan Romansah
Observer Education
Honorarium of teachers welfare problems in private schools has become a national issue after certification policies intended only for teachers, whereas in private schools only for Teachers Still a certification are eligible. Formal judicial true there is no legal umbrella shading honorarium teachers or private teachers, all policies submitted to the school management (foundation) or the principal, so no wonder the status of employees is also very vulnerable to sudden dismissed. Thus the government actually sometimes do not have valid data that actually the number of private teachers because many teachers out of teaching at a school.
Government Department of Education in this case may have been trying to discipline the teacher data and issuing staff with NUPTK (Number of Unique Education and Workforce), but for teachers who teach in the honorarium of two or more NUPTK where it is usually rejected. On the other hand the private schools also tend to recruit teachers according to his own standards and even a phenomenon that appears anyone can become a teacher, even a non-scientific background education. Being a teacher can not just rely on, but must have good sense or taste to be a non-education graduates pendidik.Banyak as hard to get a job eventually became a teacher. Teaching profession as if easily done by anyone, so do not be surprised if its output was not very encouraging.
Thus if the certification of teachers to improve teacher quality because it comes from a variety of scholarship for distandarisaikan it is a good start, but the phenomenon appears many teachers want to follow the certification only after the material alone (money). We agree that the professional is to be paid memamng expensive but sometimes weak moral responsibility. Many researches reveal after the certification of teachers' performance was not increased significantly.
Honorarium for teachers with low income are facing a big dilemma, on one hand wants to devote himself to education, on the other side of the material itself also needs to continue living. But the laws of nature say struggling because the pleasures of life payahlah being enfolded in hard work. became a teacher in today's demanding creativity, high inovavasi to menggembangkan potential that will impact their students. Good Friends fight Indonesian Teacher Gusti Ora Sare God.
Wawan Romansah
Observer Education
Saturday, January 9, 2010
Education Budget in Indonesia No. 1
In DIPA 2010 education budget in position number one is the range of 16.22%, although not fully carry out the mandate of the Law as much as 20%. But at least there is political will from governments to prioritize education, which will be a very valuable asset for the survival of this country.
After the state budget for education was passed, the challenge is to streamline the budget is not so straightforward, because 16.22% of the budget is not only synonymous with the welfare of teachers but including school renovations, provision of learning aids, meubeler and others.
Ministry of National Education is highlighted as was pointed out many of the funds allocated are not liquid as it should. Substantial funds if they are not professionally managed will leak here and there. therefore necessary oversight of all parties for the implementation of the use of an appropriate education budget for the allotment.
100 program one day the minister no longer suggests a collapsed school that costs a lot to renovate schools, while the gap banya used for diversion of funds. Almost become common knowledge that the funds came to the school for development are usually not whole lot Pungli here and there. It is difficult to prove because there are several reasons, first, the transaction does not use proof of payment or receipt, the second, LPJ is made in accordance with the funds received by many of collusion. Third, the principal was afraid to report because it is only verbal and less demand for further evidence that many funds can not comment for the next budget.
Above problems must be resolved if not Depdikna can get stuck in development projects that are less good, but the essence of building a school facility is to improve the quality of the graduates in order to compete in regional and international levels.
We expect the budget to the field of education can significantly improve education, and participation of all elements of society are needed to guard so that no cracks to the contrary. Hopefully .......
After the state budget for education was passed, the challenge is to streamline the budget is not so straightforward, because 16.22% of the budget is not only synonymous with the welfare of teachers but including school renovations, provision of learning aids, meubeler and others.
Ministry of National Education is highlighted as was pointed out many of the funds allocated are not liquid as it should. Substantial funds if they are not professionally managed will leak here and there. therefore necessary oversight of all parties for the implementation of the use of an appropriate education budget for the allotment.
100 program one day the minister no longer suggests a collapsed school that costs a lot to renovate schools, while the gap banya used for diversion of funds. Almost become common knowledge that the funds came to the school for development are usually not whole lot Pungli here and there. It is difficult to prove because there are several reasons, first, the transaction does not use proof of payment or receipt, the second, LPJ is made in accordance with the funds received by many of collusion. Third, the principal was afraid to report because it is only verbal and less demand for further evidence that many funds can not comment for the next budget.
Above problems must be resolved if not Depdikna can get stuck in development projects that are less good, but the essence of building a school facility is to improve the quality of the graduates in order to compete in regional and international levels.
We expect the budget to the field of education can significantly improve education, and participation of all elements of society are needed to guard so that no cracks to the contrary. Hopefully .......
Friday, January 8, 2010
Wanted a new pluralist in Indonesia
Statement of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono at the funeral of Gus Dur by mentioning that Mr. Wahid's Pluralism terjangnya show that football has been acknowledged by all parties. After the death of Gus Dur Indonesian nation needs leaders like him, although not identical, but at least close. He can defend entengnya and certain minorities are oppressed even against the "flow", but he's got one advantage the charisma of its mass base. Thus support to Gus Dur was certainly the first one is the nahdhiyin.
It is in defense of minorities have many NGOs who stayed and fought them, but voiced out loud what some NGOs are not in the hearing or may be ignored by the authorities, has padaha broadcast media. a variety of ways is usually berdemontrasi, advocacy in court, etc.. But during these NGOs do not have a big figure like Gus Dur and do not have a lot of mass base or solid, they just rely on the networks among the NGO.
Our biggest homework is to apply these ideas Wahid thinking about diversity and peace, we agree that peace would bring huge impact on all aspects of life. Indeed there are those who would reject the thoughts and ideas Gus Dur, but not if all the people longing for living in harmony, calm and peaceful. Hopefully come the new pluralist pluralism in Indonesia.
Wawan Romansah
It is in defense of minorities have many NGOs who stayed and fought them, but voiced out loud what some NGOs are not in the hearing or may be ignored by the authorities, has padaha broadcast media. a variety of ways is usually berdemontrasi, advocacy in court, etc.. But during these NGOs do not have a big figure like Gus Dur and do not have a lot of mass base or solid, they just rely on the networks among the NGO.
Our biggest homework is to apply these ideas Wahid thinking about diversity and peace, we agree that peace would bring huge impact on all aspects of life. Indeed there are those who would reject the thoughts and ideas Gus Dur, but not if all the people longing for living in harmony, calm and peaceful. Hopefully come the new pluralist pluralism in Indonesia.
Wawan Romansah
Thursday, January 7, 2010
Child So Victim
News on television about the fall of the 4-year old boy to death from 4th floor apartment in Jakarta Indonesia to disturb our conscience, because not only this time it had a similar incident occurred. Many reactions are emerging about the case, which ultimately leads who is wrong, who's right or who was responsible, whether the parents? environment? or even a developer. As has been well known in Indonesia are rarely take action against a possible preventive or events that will bring adverse effects, no action is taken after the incident or any damage.
Supervision of children under five are supposed to be at his parents, but on today's parents duty to supervise the child in full time is difficult, with economic pressures forced devastating for both parents to work for the operation of household economy. so for those who have excess money is usually handed over control of child servants, or even child care, for some people to entrust a child usually relatives grandparents and other relatives. Could practically fit chatting with children holidays, and even then not all because the holiday is usually spent to rest after a full work week. Children's rights to receive under the supervision of his parents in big cities many deprived. In response, the educational institutions as a business opportunity, with the proliferation of full school day, full day playgroup. than to develop their education market segment for busy parents. In urban communities has led to individualism sometimes do not want or may not have time to monitor the environment around like kids playing it safe, wear what they play and so on.
On the other side of the story housing developer or flats and apartments have been anticipated by actually making a fence, but the fence was not enough, there are still events that can cause loss of life. one alternative or the prevention of each apartment flats using iron railings on each side open. there are many benefits with a trellis for example in terms of beauty flats, since it is usually inhabitants pakian drying flats at the side of the window or open it causes a tidal landscape comfortable.
Furthermore parents as early as possible to guide their children about the dangers of whether or not something, it is very difficult to under-fives in the given sense of danger but we diligently continue assisting children can all be done.
Wawan Romansah
UMS Alumnae
Supervision of children under five are supposed to be at his parents, but on today's parents duty to supervise the child in full time is difficult, with economic pressures forced devastating for both parents to work for the operation of household economy. so for those who have excess money is usually handed over control of child servants, or even child care, for some people to entrust a child usually relatives grandparents and other relatives. Could practically fit chatting with children holidays, and even then not all because the holiday is usually spent to rest after a full work week. Children's rights to receive under the supervision of his parents in big cities many deprived. In response, the educational institutions as a business opportunity, with the proliferation of full school day, full day playgroup. than to develop their education market segment for busy parents. In urban communities has led to individualism sometimes do not want or may not have time to monitor the environment around like kids playing it safe, wear what they play and so on.
On the other side of the story housing developer or flats and apartments have been anticipated by actually making a fence, but the fence was not enough, there are still events that can cause loss of life. one alternative or the prevention of each apartment flats using iron railings on each side open. there are many benefits with a trellis for example in terms of beauty flats, since it is usually inhabitants pakian drying flats at the side of the window or open it causes a tidal landscape comfortable.
Furthermore parents as early as possible to guide their children about the dangers of whether or not something, it is very difficult to under-fives in the given sense of danger but we diligently continue assisting children can all be done.
Wawan Romansah
UMS Alumnae
Wednesday, January 6, 2010
Thank You Gus Dur (KH Abdurrahman Wahid)
At the end of the year 2009 we have been shocked by death of Gusdur or KH Abdurrahman Wahid divine fold. Gus Dur is full of sensation and controversy but that Gus Dur, and it is necessary and must exist in this beloved country. Wahid such people is difficult to find he could direct the public opinion rather than join the flow of public opinion, to counter balance the government's much-needed presence.
But now is gone, but the struggle must continue the welcome Gus Dur - a new Wahid lot of people problems that must be resolved intelligently. National figures and the nation's teachers will emerge over time, which was the problem situation that gave rise to the character. because of the situation and forging a conducive conditions and to give birth to democratic leaders of quality.
Despite the controversy we must admit that Gus Dur is the leader of democracy and plurality in Indonesia. although many of blaspheming Islam, including among themselves, but this one Kyai remain consistent, intelligent humor always appear in every situation. As a defender of minorities he was not afraid to speak about something even if contrary to the public flow.
Selamat Jalan
But now is gone, but the struggle must continue the welcome Gus Dur - a new Wahid lot of people problems that must be resolved intelligently. National figures and the nation's teachers will emerge over time, which was the problem situation that gave rise to the character. because of the situation and forging a conducive conditions and to give birth to democratic leaders of quality.
Despite the controversy we must admit that Gus Dur is the leader of democracy and plurality in Indonesia. although many of blaspheming Islam, including among themselves, but this one Kyai remain consistent, intelligent humor always appear in every situation. As a defender of minorities he was not afraid to speak about something even if contrary to the public flow.
Selamat Jalan
Tuesday, January 5, 2010
THE IMPACT OF TELEVISION ON CHILDREN FROM THE Review THEORY OF SOCIAL CHANGE
THE IMPACT OF TELEVISION ON CHILDREN FROM THE Review
THEORY OF SOCIAL CHANGE
A. Introduction
Understanding Sociology of education according to the Dictionary of sociology, sociology of Sociology of Education is applied to solve the fundamental problems of education. Meanwhile, according to Prof. Dr. S. Nasution (1995) Sociology of education is to interpret the science that seeks to find ways to control the educational process to develop individual personalities for the better.
Throughout life, human beings through various times and stages. No doubt, none of the more sweet and beautiful as that enjoyed by the children. Adults always remember their childhood with a sense of joy and they will tell you the events and childhood memories with great enthusiasm. Games, imagination, curiosity, and the absence of live load, making childhood a sweet and interesting for everyone. However, today, the social psychologist and believe, the era of childhood in the world are faced with the collapse and will stay the course of history. In the future, the children in the world will no longer enjoy childhood a sweet, which should be the most important in shaping their personality.
Among the various mass media, television plays the biggest role in presenting information that is not feasible and too early for children. According to media experts and psychological problems, behind the benefits it has, a large television in the left potential negative impacts on the various layers of society, particularly children. Indeed there are efforts to move the parents to guide their children to watch programs or events that are specific to them alone, but in practice, very few parents who noticed this.
According to a study done in America, many children who become viewers of television programs dedicated to adults. Children are confronted with murder, violence, kidnapping, hostage taking, amoral and immoral, the collapse of moral, cultural and social. The impact of this problem is the emergence of chaos and damage to the personality of children and ultimately the child's personality had become lost and missing altogether.
Neil Postman in his book "The Disappearance of Childhood" (The disappearance of Childhood), wrote that since 1950, American television has broadcast programs that uniform and the kids, just like any other community members, victims of visual wave television show. By emphasizing that television has destroyed the wall between a child and the adult world, Neil Postman cites three characteristics of television. First, these media messages may be up to the viewers without the need for guidance or instructions. Second, the message reached without the need for thought. Third, the television did not provide separation for the viewers, which means that anyone can watch broadcast television (http://www2.irib.ir/worldservice/melayuRADIO/keluarga/televisi_anak.htm)
The third characteristic is a television above would be good if the message is the message of good and moral. On the contrary, would be a great danger when the television broadcast programs that corrupt and immoral, such as violence and crime. Unfortunately, even today's films televised generally filled with violence and crime. The owners of this media attract viewers by as much as possible, publish racing violence and immorality with more on the television screen. Children who are still pure and without sin be the fastest parties affected by television and they assume that what is broadcast on television is a truth.
There is no doubt that television gives the impact for all of us especially the children. Since the discovery of television, he became one of the electronic device is required in every home. Television was originally expected to be a medium that gives a lot of positive impact, but now many people also begin to think about the harm that may arise for all the people who watch it.
Considering how the complexity of the impact of television on children, this very important issue to be discussed, therefore in this paper the author focuses on the issues:
1. How does television negatively impacts on children?
2. How solution for parents in tackling the impact of television on children?
B. Discussion
1. Negative impact of television on children
Television is a product of modern culture as entertainment for the fulfillment of human needs, while the culture according to Abu Ahmadi (2004:58) is the result of creativity, initiative and sense. So in reality television is the copyright creative scientists as a means of fulfilling human needs in everyday life.
Then when viewed in terms of mass communication including television into saluaran (channel) to deliver a message to the audience so well-received message. This is expressed by the Wiryanto Lasswell (2006:70) that consists of mass communication elements of the source (source), message (message), channel (channels), receiver (receiver) and the effects (effect). Because the mass communication media is no longer inevitable television can be seen and watched by everyone from the various age levels, ranging from children, adults, to parents. Unfortunately for the children had a negative impact greater than the positive impact.
An expert named Albert Bandura argued theory. The theory is known as the Social Learning Theory, which is generally explained that the children can easily imitate the behavior of what they often see. He stated that children who watch violence has a chance to imitate it.
While the proposed http://www.sulastowo.com/2008/04/11/dampak-negatif-televisi/ on children under the age of three years (toddlers), the negative impact of television was more felt. TV footage proved to reduce the ability to read, reading comprehensive, even memory loss in children. Toddlers who watch too much television will lose the opportunity to obtain a good stimulation for the growth of the process. Because, television was just handed a one-way stimulation.
Another impact for children who can read will reduce the motivation to read. Motivation according Sardiman (2007:192) is the driving force that is inside a person to perform certain activities for the achievement of a goal. With frequent television viewing motive power for the reading will decrease because of the TV watching the show fast-paced and passing a child caught with the lure that have difficulty distinguishing a positive attitude or negative. Unlike the reading of children is always available time to reflect the process that allows for thought.
Television health in the blue glow which is also produced by the sun. But this is different blue rays with ultra violet rays. Blue ray does not make the eyes automatically blink. But worse, the blue light directly into the retina without the filter. Wavelength of light produced is 400-500nm that could potentially trigger the formation of free radicals and photochemical injure the child's retina. Ten years later when children were grown, the damage caused by blue light looks very clear. Retina of the eye is no longer such a clear sense of childhood that became the functioning ability decreased.
Another study by the University of Washington have found, get children to watch TV before age three years can damage their reading skills and other forms of cognitive development when they will reach the age of six. Sainul Hermawan (Banjarmasin Post, 3 / 8 / 2006).
Research Indonesian Child Welfare Foundation (YKAI) concerning the influence of television on children everyday behavior found that when children watch TV tend to do other activities that eat (35%), lying (28%) and learning (13%). The link between TV and learning, this study found children who can not resist the temptation TV confessed lazy learning (80%) and do not like reading books (66%). (Jahja and Irvan, 2006: 5) in Banjarmasin post Sainul Hermawan, August 3, 2006.
Next on the impact of television http://kelompokdiskusi.multiply.com/journal/item/784 states against children is as follows:
· At the age of 0-3 years would interfere with brain development that affect speech development, ability to read verbal, as well as understanding
· At the age of 5-10 years will hamper the ability to express thoughts through writing, increased aggressiveness and violence and ill-able to distinguish between reality and fantasy
· Making children become consumptive
· Because children do not have a high critical power, most likely influenced by what is shown on television
· Child will think that all people in certain groups have the same nature with people on the television screen. This will affect their attitude and can carry up to their adulthood.
· Language television simple, compelling and addictive that it is possible the child becomes lazy learning.
· Too often watched television and never read the child will have a simple mind, less critical, linear or direction and will ultimately affect the imagination, intellect, and cognitive development.
With so many negative effects television on children can be viewed as a sociological theory of social change negatively impacting negatively the waning of the norms and values in children so that children can not distinguish what is good and what is bad.
According Soerjono Sukamto (1995) social change (social chnge) is a "change in social institutions in society that affect the social system, values, attitudes, and behavior patterns of individuals and groups". So change children's behavior after watching television could affect the institution of the family. In the family of each person bound by the obligations and rights of a network called a role or role relationship relations (William J. Goode 2007: 1) so that the negative impact of television would disrupt the child's relationship with the parent's role as a courtesy to changing values.
Social change in society can occur through the process of introducing new elements. Introduction of new elements in the community can shape an innovation. While television is an innovative media technology in the modern era. The character of innovation according to Eko. S (2004:3) is Trialabilitas, complexity, relative advantage, and compatible.
2. Solutions parents in overcoming the negative impact on children
To get great benefits from the TV and avoid the danger that can cause, the family needs to control his son Indonesia. Among other ways: First, build a shared commitment to determine the hours or days of free TV in the family so that children appreciate the meaning of family time: time prayer, study, eat, mingle without the intervention of the TV. TV did not haunt the important events in the family. Instill self-discipline to address the TV as addressing other life activities that always have a beginning and an end. Second, TV is not placed in a central place, but in the corner or that corner of the house can reduce the appetite to turn it on. Third, events that add to development of science, religion, politics, and culture need to be on the agenda with the family. Finally, agree on what TV show that needs to be a common enemy. So, do not position us as a family for the trash TV shows are made without consideration of aesthetics, ethics and logic.
The few solutions that can be done by parents to stem the influence of television is as follows:
a. Give a time limit for watching television. When will he be and when he had to stop watching television. For preschoolers, these conditions may be difficult because at that age children have started to argue. Try to make a deal with the limitations. Such as the type of impressions that he wanted and the length of time watching. For toddlers, set time limits, which is quite an hour a day. As for pre-school age may watch television less than two hours a day.
b. Take advantage of these little time as a learning tool as well as children. Sit with your child and discuss the contents of impressions choice. Prepare alternative activities for children no longer whining and went back to watching television.
c. Instill family values, again in order to understand what children can and can not do so the child more confidence to face his friends.
d. Try TV only a small part of the balance life of the child. What is important, children need to have enough time to play with friends and toys, to read the story and the rest, a walk and enjoy a meal with the family. In fact, most children enjoy learning by doing various things, both alone and with her parents.
e. Involving children in making boundaries. Specify what, when, and how many people watch TV. The goal, in order to make the child watch TV only as an option, not a habit, he was watching when need be. This will teach the children that they must choose (the most popular events), appreciate the time and choice,
Problem types of programs watched very important consideration because it concerns the problem of violence, sex scenes, and dirty language that often appears in an event. Sometimes there is a great event because it gives a certain message, but in which there is less polite language, or scenes - such as dating, seduction - which is less suitable for children. So parents should know the contents of the event to watch the child. Age children and their maturity should be a consideration. In terms of sex, parents should be able to provide age-appropriate explanation, if when watching with the kids suddenly there was a scene that leads to pornography.
Language problems also should be noted that the child knows why a less polite word to be imitated. Parents can explain it as an expression for the special circumstances, especially on TV to achieve certain effects. Two hours was enough When and how long the child may watch TV, it all depends on how a family spent their time together, could be the time to relax after dinner together, or even the afternoon.
C. Conclusion
From the above problems it can be concluded as follows;
1. Negative impact of television on children is:
* Children under 3 years of going to interfere with brain development that affect speech development, ability to read verbal, and understanding.
* At the age of 5-10 years will hamper the ability to express thoughts through writing, increased aggressiveness and violence and unable to distinguish between reality and fantasy.
* Blue ray television will damage the retina tissue in children because the light without a filter.
* Language Television simple, compelling and addictive that it is possible the child becomes lazy learning.
* Reducing interest or motivation to read children.
* Too often watched television and never read the child will have a simple mind, less critical, linear or direction and will ultimately affect the imagination, intellect, and cognitive development.
* Create a consumptive child because the commercials are offering a variety of products.
2. Solutions parents in overcoming the negative impact of television on children is:
· Build a shared commitment to determine the hours or days of free TV in the family so that children appreciate the meaning of time in the family.
· TV is not placed in a central place. But in the corner or that corner of the house can reduce the appetite to turn it on.
· Select event containing education to watch with the family.
Embed · family values are repeated so the children understand what can and can not do so the child more confidence to face his friends.
· Try TV only a small part of the balance life of the child.
· Give a time limit for watching television
· Involve children in making boundaries. Specify what, when, and how many people watch TV.
REFERENCES
Ahmadi, Abu.(2004). Sosiologi Pendidikan. Jakarta. Rineka Cipta.
Goode, J. William.(2007). Sosiologi Keluarga. Jakarta, Bumi Aksara.
Nasution, S. 1995. Sosiologi Pendidikan. Jakarta, Bumi Aksara.
Sardiman. 2007. Interaksi&Motivasi Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta. PT Raja Garafindo Persada.
Soekanto, Sarjono. (1995). Sosiologi: Suatu Pengantar, Jakarta. PT Raja Garafindo Persada.
Supriyanto, Eko. Dkk. (2004). Inovasi Pendidikan Isu-Isu Baru Pembelajaran, Manajemen Dan Sistem Pendidikan Di Indonesia, Surakarta. Muhammadiyah University Press.
Wiryanto. (2006). Pengantar Ilmu Komunikasi, Jakarta. Grasindo.
http://www.sulastowo.com/2008/04/11/dampak-negatif-televisi/ diakses Jam 10.30 WIB tanggal 13 April 2008
http://kelompokdiskusi.multiply.com/journal/item/784 diakses Jam 10.35 WIB Tanggal 13 April 2008
Sainul Hermawan Banjarmasin post, 3/8/ 2006.
THEORY OF SOCIAL CHANGE
A. Introduction
Understanding Sociology of education according to the Dictionary of sociology, sociology of Sociology of Education is applied to solve the fundamental problems of education. Meanwhile, according to Prof. Dr. S. Nasution (1995) Sociology of education is to interpret the science that seeks to find ways to control the educational process to develop individual personalities for the better.
Throughout life, human beings through various times and stages. No doubt, none of the more sweet and beautiful as that enjoyed by the children. Adults always remember their childhood with a sense of joy and they will tell you the events and childhood memories with great enthusiasm. Games, imagination, curiosity, and the absence of live load, making childhood a sweet and interesting for everyone. However, today, the social psychologist and believe, the era of childhood in the world are faced with the collapse and will stay the course of history. In the future, the children in the world will no longer enjoy childhood a sweet, which should be the most important in shaping their personality.
Among the various mass media, television plays the biggest role in presenting information that is not feasible and too early for children. According to media experts and psychological problems, behind the benefits it has, a large television in the left potential negative impacts on the various layers of society, particularly children. Indeed there are efforts to move the parents to guide their children to watch programs or events that are specific to them alone, but in practice, very few parents who noticed this.
According to a study done in America, many children who become viewers of television programs dedicated to adults. Children are confronted with murder, violence, kidnapping, hostage taking, amoral and immoral, the collapse of moral, cultural and social. The impact of this problem is the emergence of chaos and damage to the personality of children and ultimately the child's personality had become lost and missing altogether.
Neil Postman in his book "The Disappearance of Childhood" (The disappearance of Childhood), wrote that since 1950, American television has broadcast programs that uniform and the kids, just like any other community members, victims of visual wave television show. By emphasizing that television has destroyed the wall between a child and the adult world, Neil Postman cites three characteristics of television. First, these media messages may be up to the viewers without the need for guidance or instructions. Second, the message reached without the need for thought. Third, the television did not provide separation for the viewers, which means that anyone can watch broadcast television (http://www2.irib.ir/worldservice/melayuRADIO/keluarga/televisi_anak.htm)
The third characteristic is a television above would be good if the message is the message of good and moral. On the contrary, would be a great danger when the television broadcast programs that corrupt and immoral, such as violence and crime. Unfortunately, even today's films televised generally filled with violence and crime. The owners of this media attract viewers by as much as possible, publish racing violence and immorality with more on the television screen. Children who are still pure and without sin be the fastest parties affected by television and they assume that what is broadcast on television is a truth.
There is no doubt that television gives the impact for all of us especially the children. Since the discovery of television, he became one of the electronic device is required in every home. Television was originally expected to be a medium that gives a lot of positive impact, but now many people also begin to think about the harm that may arise for all the people who watch it.
Considering how the complexity of the impact of television on children, this very important issue to be discussed, therefore in this paper the author focuses on the issues:
1. How does television negatively impacts on children?
2. How solution for parents in tackling the impact of television on children?
B. Discussion
1. Negative impact of television on children
Television is a product of modern culture as entertainment for the fulfillment of human needs, while the culture according to Abu Ahmadi (2004:58) is the result of creativity, initiative and sense. So in reality television is the copyright creative scientists as a means of fulfilling human needs in everyday life.
Then when viewed in terms of mass communication including television into saluaran (channel) to deliver a message to the audience so well-received message. This is expressed by the Wiryanto Lasswell (2006:70) that consists of mass communication elements of the source (source), message (message), channel (channels), receiver (receiver) and the effects (effect). Because the mass communication media is no longer inevitable television can be seen and watched by everyone from the various age levels, ranging from children, adults, to parents. Unfortunately for the children had a negative impact greater than the positive impact.
An expert named Albert Bandura argued theory. The theory is known as the Social Learning Theory, which is generally explained that the children can easily imitate the behavior of what they often see. He stated that children who watch violence has a chance to imitate it.
While the proposed http://www.sulastowo.com/2008/04/11/dampak-negatif-televisi/ on children under the age of three years (toddlers), the negative impact of television was more felt. TV footage proved to reduce the ability to read, reading comprehensive, even memory loss in children. Toddlers who watch too much television will lose the opportunity to obtain a good stimulation for the growth of the process. Because, television was just handed a one-way stimulation.
Another impact for children who can read will reduce the motivation to read. Motivation according Sardiman (2007:192) is the driving force that is inside a person to perform certain activities for the achievement of a goal. With frequent television viewing motive power for the reading will decrease because of the TV watching the show fast-paced and passing a child caught with the lure that have difficulty distinguishing a positive attitude or negative. Unlike the reading of children is always available time to reflect the process that allows for thought.
Television health in the blue glow which is also produced by the sun. But this is different blue rays with ultra violet rays. Blue ray does not make the eyes automatically blink. But worse, the blue light directly into the retina without the filter. Wavelength of light produced is 400-500nm that could potentially trigger the formation of free radicals and photochemical injure the child's retina. Ten years later when children were grown, the damage caused by blue light looks very clear. Retina of the eye is no longer such a clear sense of childhood that became the functioning ability decreased.
Another study by the University of Washington have found, get children to watch TV before age three years can damage their reading skills and other forms of cognitive development when they will reach the age of six. Sainul Hermawan (Banjarmasin Post, 3 / 8 / 2006).
Research Indonesian Child Welfare Foundation (YKAI) concerning the influence of television on children everyday behavior found that when children watch TV tend to do other activities that eat (35%), lying (28%) and learning (13%). The link between TV and learning, this study found children who can not resist the temptation TV confessed lazy learning (80%) and do not like reading books (66%). (Jahja and Irvan, 2006: 5) in Banjarmasin post Sainul Hermawan, August 3, 2006.
Next on the impact of television http://kelompokdiskusi.multiply.com/journal/item/784 states against children is as follows:
· At the age of 0-3 years would interfere with brain development that affect speech development, ability to read verbal, as well as understanding
· At the age of 5-10 years will hamper the ability to express thoughts through writing, increased aggressiveness and violence and ill-able to distinguish between reality and fantasy
· Making children become consumptive
· Because children do not have a high critical power, most likely influenced by what is shown on television
· Child will think that all people in certain groups have the same nature with people on the television screen. This will affect their attitude and can carry up to their adulthood.
· Language television simple, compelling and addictive that it is possible the child becomes lazy learning.
· Too often watched television and never read the child will have a simple mind, less critical, linear or direction and will ultimately affect the imagination, intellect, and cognitive development.
With so many negative effects television on children can be viewed as a sociological theory of social change negatively impacting negatively the waning of the norms and values in children so that children can not distinguish what is good and what is bad.
According Soerjono Sukamto (1995) social change (social chnge) is a "change in social institutions in society that affect the social system, values, attitudes, and behavior patterns of individuals and groups". So change children's behavior after watching television could affect the institution of the family. In the family of each person bound by the obligations and rights of a network called a role or role relationship relations (William J. Goode 2007: 1) so that the negative impact of television would disrupt the child's relationship with the parent's role as a courtesy to changing values.
Social change in society can occur through the process of introducing new elements. Introduction of new elements in the community can shape an innovation. While television is an innovative media technology in the modern era. The character of innovation according to Eko. S (2004:3) is Trialabilitas, complexity, relative advantage, and compatible.
2. Solutions parents in overcoming the negative impact on children
To get great benefits from the TV and avoid the danger that can cause, the family needs to control his son Indonesia. Among other ways: First, build a shared commitment to determine the hours or days of free TV in the family so that children appreciate the meaning of family time: time prayer, study, eat, mingle without the intervention of the TV. TV did not haunt the important events in the family. Instill self-discipline to address the TV as addressing other life activities that always have a beginning and an end. Second, TV is not placed in a central place, but in the corner or that corner of the house can reduce the appetite to turn it on. Third, events that add to development of science, religion, politics, and culture need to be on the agenda with the family. Finally, agree on what TV show that needs to be a common enemy. So, do not position us as a family for the trash TV shows are made without consideration of aesthetics, ethics and logic.
The few solutions that can be done by parents to stem the influence of television is as follows:
a. Give a time limit for watching television. When will he be and when he had to stop watching television. For preschoolers, these conditions may be difficult because at that age children have started to argue. Try to make a deal with the limitations. Such as the type of impressions that he wanted and the length of time watching. For toddlers, set time limits, which is quite an hour a day. As for pre-school age may watch television less than two hours a day.
b. Take advantage of these little time as a learning tool as well as children. Sit with your child and discuss the contents of impressions choice. Prepare alternative activities for children no longer whining and went back to watching television.
c. Instill family values, again in order to understand what children can and can not do so the child more confidence to face his friends.
d. Try TV only a small part of the balance life of the child. What is important, children need to have enough time to play with friends and toys, to read the story and the rest, a walk and enjoy a meal with the family. In fact, most children enjoy learning by doing various things, both alone and with her parents.
e. Involving children in making boundaries. Specify what, when, and how many people watch TV. The goal, in order to make the child watch TV only as an option, not a habit, he was watching when need be. This will teach the children that they must choose (the most popular events), appreciate the time and choice,
Problem types of programs watched very important consideration because it concerns the problem of violence, sex scenes, and dirty language that often appears in an event. Sometimes there is a great event because it gives a certain message, but in which there is less polite language, or scenes - such as dating, seduction - which is less suitable for children. So parents should know the contents of the event to watch the child. Age children and their maturity should be a consideration. In terms of sex, parents should be able to provide age-appropriate explanation, if when watching with the kids suddenly there was a scene that leads to pornography.
Language problems also should be noted that the child knows why a less polite word to be imitated. Parents can explain it as an expression for the special circumstances, especially on TV to achieve certain effects. Two hours was enough When and how long the child may watch TV, it all depends on how a family spent their time together, could be the time to relax after dinner together, or even the afternoon.
C. Conclusion
From the above problems it can be concluded as follows;
1. Negative impact of television on children is:
* Children under 3 years of going to interfere with brain development that affect speech development, ability to read verbal, and understanding.
* At the age of 5-10 years will hamper the ability to express thoughts through writing, increased aggressiveness and violence and unable to distinguish between reality and fantasy.
* Blue ray television will damage the retina tissue in children because the light without a filter.
* Language Television simple, compelling and addictive that it is possible the child becomes lazy learning.
* Reducing interest or motivation to read children.
* Too often watched television and never read the child will have a simple mind, less critical, linear or direction and will ultimately affect the imagination, intellect, and cognitive development.
* Create a consumptive child because the commercials are offering a variety of products.
2. Solutions parents in overcoming the negative impact of television on children is:
· Build a shared commitment to determine the hours or days of free TV in the family so that children appreciate the meaning of time in the family.
· TV is not placed in a central place. But in the corner or that corner of the house can reduce the appetite to turn it on.
· Select event containing education to watch with the family.
Embed · family values are repeated so the children understand what can and can not do so the child more confidence to face his friends.
· Try TV only a small part of the balance life of the child.
· Give a time limit for watching television
· Involve children in making boundaries. Specify what, when, and how many people watch TV.
REFERENCES
Ahmadi, Abu.(2004). Sosiologi Pendidikan. Jakarta. Rineka Cipta.
Goode, J. William.(2007). Sosiologi Keluarga. Jakarta, Bumi Aksara.
Nasution, S. 1995. Sosiologi Pendidikan. Jakarta, Bumi Aksara.
Sardiman. 2007. Interaksi&Motivasi Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta. PT Raja Garafindo Persada.
Soekanto, Sarjono. (1995). Sosiologi: Suatu Pengantar, Jakarta. PT Raja Garafindo Persada.
Supriyanto, Eko. Dkk. (2004). Inovasi Pendidikan Isu-Isu Baru Pembelajaran, Manajemen Dan Sistem Pendidikan Di Indonesia, Surakarta. Muhammadiyah University Press.
Wiryanto. (2006). Pengantar Ilmu Komunikasi, Jakarta. Grasindo.
http://www.sulastowo.com/2008/04/11/dampak-negatif-televisi/ diakses Jam 10.30 WIB tanggal 13 April 2008
http://kelompokdiskusi.multiply.com/journal/item/784 diakses Jam 10.35 WIB Tanggal 13 April 2008
Sainul Hermawan Banjarmasin post, 3/8/ 2006.
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