THE IMPACT OF TELEVISION ON CHILDREN FROM THE Review THEORY OF SOCIAL CHANGE

THE IMPACT OF TELEVISION ON CHILDREN FROM THE Review

THEORY OF SOCIAL CHANGE


A. Introduction

Understanding Sociology of education according to the Dictionary of sociology, sociology of Sociology of Education is applied to solve the fundamental problems of education. Meanwhile, according to Prof. Dr. S. Nasution (1995) Sociology of education is to interpret the science that seeks to find ways to control the educational process to develop individual personalities for the better.

Throughout life, human beings through various times and stages. No doubt, none of the more sweet and beautiful as that enjoyed by the children. Adults always remember their childhood with a sense of joy and they will tell you the events and childhood memories with great enthusiasm. Games, imagination, curiosity, and the absence of live load, making childhood a sweet and interesting for everyone. However, today, the social psychologist and believe, the era of childhood in the world are faced with the collapse and will stay the course of history. In the future, the children in the world will no longer enjoy childhood a sweet, which should be the most important in shaping their personality.

Among the various mass media, television plays the biggest role in presenting information that is not feasible and too early for children. According to media experts and psychological problems, behind the benefits it has, a large television in the left potential negative impacts on the various layers of society, particularly children. Indeed there are efforts to move the parents to guide their children to watch programs or events that are specific to them alone, but in practice, very few parents who noticed this.

According to a study done in America, many children who become viewers of television programs dedicated to adults. Children are confronted with murder, violence, kidnapping, hostage taking, amoral and immoral, the collapse of moral, cultural and social. The impact of this problem is the emergence of chaos and damage to the personality of children and ultimately the child's personality had become lost and missing altogether.

Neil Postman in his book "The Disappearance of Childhood" (The disappearance of Childhood), wrote that since 1950, American television has broadcast programs that uniform and the kids, just like any other community members, victims of visual wave television show. By emphasizing that television has destroyed the wall between a child and the adult world, Neil Postman cites three characteristics of television. First, these media messages may be up to the viewers without the need for guidance or instructions. Second, the message reached without the need for thought. Third, the television did not provide separation for the viewers, which means that anyone can watch broadcast television (http://www2.irib.ir/worldservice/melayuRADIO/keluarga/televisi_anak.htm)

The third characteristic is a television above would be good if the message is the message of good and moral. On the contrary, would be a great danger when the television broadcast programs that corrupt and immoral, such as violence and crime. Unfortunately, even today's films televised generally filled with violence and crime. The owners of this media attract viewers by as much as possible, publish racing violence and immorality with more on the television screen. Children who are still pure and without sin be the fastest parties affected by television and they assume that what is broadcast on television is a truth.

There is no doubt that television gives the impact for all of us especially the children. Since the discovery of television, he became one of the electronic device is required in every home. Television was originally expected to be a medium that gives a lot of positive impact, but now many people also begin to think about the harm that may arise for all the people who watch it.

Considering how the complexity of the impact of television on children, this very important issue to be discussed, therefore in this paper the author focuses on the issues:

1. How does television negatively impacts on children?

2. How solution for parents in tackling the impact of television on children?

B. Discussion

1. Negative impact of television on children

Television is a product of modern culture as entertainment for the fulfillment of human needs, while the culture according to Abu Ahmadi (2004:58) is the result of creativity, initiative and sense. So in reality television is the copyright creative scientists as a means of fulfilling human needs in everyday life.

Then when viewed in terms of mass communication including television into saluaran (channel) to deliver a message to the audience so well-received message. This is expressed by the Wiryanto Lasswell (2006:70) that consists of mass communication elements of the source (source), message (message), channel (channels), receiver (receiver) and the effects (effect). Because the mass communication media is no longer inevitable television can be seen and watched by everyone from the various age levels, ranging from children, adults, to parents. Unfortunately for the children had a negative impact greater than the positive impact.

An expert named Albert Bandura argued theory. The theory is known as the Social Learning Theory, which is generally explained that the children can easily imitate the behavior of what they often see. He stated that children who watch violence has a chance to imitate it.

While the proposed http://www.sulastowo.com/2008/04/11/dampak-negatif-televisi/ on children under the age of three years (toddlers), the negative impact of television was more felt. TV footage proved to reduce the ability to read, reading comprehensive, even memory loss in children. Toddlers who watch too much television will lose the opportunity to obtain a good stimulation for the growth of the process. Because, television was just handed a one-way stimulation.

Another impact for children who can read will reduce the motivation to read. Motivation according Sardiman (2007:192) is the driving force that is inside a person to perform certain activities for the achievement of a goal. With frequent television viewing motive power for the reading will decrease because of the TV watching the show fast-paced and passing a child caught with the lure that have difficulty distinguishing a positive attitude or negative. Unlike the reading of children is always available time to reflect the process that allows for thought.

Television health in the blue glow which is also produced by the sun. But this is different blue rays with ultra violet rays. Blue ray does not make the eyes automatically blink. But worse, the blue light directly into the retina without the filter. Wavelength of light produced is 400-500nm that could potentially trigger the formation of free radicals and photochemical injure the child's retina. Ten years later when children were grown, the damage caused by blue light looks very clear. Retina of the eye is no longer such a clear sense of childhood that became the functioning ability decreased.

Another study by the University of Washington have found, get children to watch TV before age three years can damage their reading skills and other forms of cognitive development when they will reach the age of six. Sainul Hermawan (Banjarmasin Post, 3 / 8 / 2006).

Research Indonesian Child Welfare Foundation (YKAI) concerning the influence of television on children everyday behavior found that when children watch TV tend to do other activities that eat (35%), lying (28%) and learning (13%). The link between TV and learning, this study found children who can not resist the temptation TV confessed lazy learning (80%) and do not like reading books (66%). (Jahja and Irvan, 2006: 5) in Banjarmasin post Sainul Hermawan, August 3, 2006.

Next on the impact of television http://kelompokdiskusi.multiply.com/journal/item/784 states against children is as follows:

· At the age of 0-3 years would interfere with brain development that affect speech development, ability to read verbal, as well as understanding

· At the age of 5-10 years will hamper the ability to express thoughts through writing, increased aggressiveness and violence and ill-able to distinguish between reality and fantasy

· Making children become consumptive

· Because children do not have a high critical power, most likely influenced by what is shown on television

· Child will think that all people in certain groups have the same nature with people on the television screen. This will affect their attitude and can carry up to their adulthood.

· Language television simple, compelling and addictive that it is possible the child becomes lazy learning.

· Too often watched television and never read the child will have a simple mind, less critical, linear or direction and will ultimately affect the imagination, intellect, and cognitive development.

With so many negative effects television on children can be viewed as a sociological theory of social change negatively impacting negatively the waning of the norms and values in children so that children can not distinguish what is good and what is bad.

According Soerjono Sukamto (1995) social change (social chnge) is a "change in social institutions in society that affect the social system, values, attitudes, and behavior patterns of individuals and groups". So change children's behavior after watching television could affect the institution of the family. In the family of each person bound by the obligations and rights of a network called a role or role relationship relations (William J. Goode 2007: 1) so that the negative impact of television would disrupt the child's relationship with the parent's role as a courtesy to changing values.

Social change in society can occur through the process of introducing new elements. Introduction of new elements in the community can shape an innovation. While television is an innovative media technology in the modern era. The character of innovation according to Eko. S (2004:3) is Trialabilitas, complexity, relative advantage, and compatible.

2. Solutions parents in overcoming the negative impact on children

To get great benefits from the TV and avoid the danger that can cause, the family needs to control his son Indonesia. Among other ways: First, build a shared commitment to determine the hours or days of free TV in the family so that children appreciate the meaning of family time: time prayer, study, eat, mingle without the intervention of the TV. TV did not haunt the important events in the family. Instill self-discipline to address the TV as addressing other life activities that always have a beginning and an end. Second, TV is not placed in a central place, but in the corner or that corner of the house can reduce the appetite to turn it on. Third, events that add to development of science, religion, politics, and culture need to be on the agenda with the family. Finally, agree on what TV show that needs to be a common enemy. So, do not position us as a family for the trash TV shows are made without consideration of aesthetics, ethics and logic.
The few solutions that can be done by parents to stem the influence of television is as follows:

a. Give a time limit for watching television. When will he be and when he had to stop watching television. For preschoolers, these conditions may be difficult because at that age children have started to argue. Try to make a deal with the limitations. Such as the type of impressions that he wanted and the length of time watching. For toddlers, set time limits, which is quite an hour a day. As for pre-school age may watch television less than two hours a day.

b. Take advantage of these little time as a learning tool as well as children. Sit with your child and discuss the contents of impressions choice. Prepare alternative activities for children no longer whining and went back to watching television.

c. Instill family values, again in order to understand what children can and can not do so the child more confidence to face his friends.

d. Try TV only a small part of the balance life of the child. What is important, children need to have enough time to play with friends and toys, to read the story and the rest, a walk and enjoy a meal with the family. In fact, most children enjoy learning by doing various things, both alone and with her parents.

e. Involving children in making boundaries. Specify what, when, and how many people watch TV. The goal, in order to make the child watch TV only as an option, not a habit, he was watching when need be. This will teach the children that they must choose (the most popular events), appreciate the time and choice,

Problem types of programs watched very important consideration because it concerns the problem of violence, sex scenes, and dirty language that often appears in an event. Sometimes there is a great event because it gives a certain message, but in which there is less polite language, or scenes - such as dating, seduction - which is less suitable for children. So parents should know the contents of the event to watch the child. Age children and their maturity should be a consideration. In terms of sex, parents should be able to provide age-appropriate explanation, if when watching with the kids suddenly there was a scene that leads to pornography.
Language problems also should be noted that the child knows why a less polite word to be imitated. Parents can explain it as an expression for the special circumstances, especially on TV to achieve certain effects. Two hours was enough When and how long the child may watch TV, it all depends on how a family spent their time together, could be the time to relax after dinner together, or even the afternoon.

C. Conclusion

From the above problems it can be concluded as follows;

1. Negative impact of television on children is:

* Children under 3 years of going to interfere with brain development that affect speech development, ability to read verbal, and understanding.
* At the age of 5-10 years will hamper the ability to express thoughts through writing, increased aggressiveness and violence and unable to distinguish between reality and fantasy.
* Blue ray television will damage the retina tissue in children because the light without a filter.
* Language Television simple, compelling and addictive that it is possible the child becomes lazy learning.
* Reducing interest or motivation to read children.
* Too often watched television and never read the child will have a simple mind, less critical, linear or direction and will ultimately affect the imagination, intellect, and cognitive development.
* Create a consumptive child because the commercials are offering a variety of products.

2. Solutions parents in overcoming the negative impact of television on children is:

· Build a shared commitment to determine the hours or days of free TV in the family so that children appreciate the meaning of time in the family.

· TV is not placed in a central place. But in the corner or that corner of the house can reduce the appetite to turn it on.

· Select event containing education to watch with the family.

Embed · family values are repeated so the children understand what can and can not do so the child more confidence to face his friends.

· Try TV only a small part of the balance life of the child.

· Give a time limit for watching television

· Involve children in making boundaries. Specify what, when, and how many people watch TV.

REFERENCES

Ahmadi, Abu.(2004). Sosiologi Pendidikan. Jakarta. Rineka Cipta.
Goode, J. William.(2007). Sosiologi Keluarga. Jakarta, Bumi Aksara.
Nasution, S. 1995. Sosiologi Pendidikan. Jakarta, Bumi Aksara.
Sardiman. 2007. Interaksi&Motivasi Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta. PT Raja Garafindo Persada.
Soekanto, Sarjono. (1995). Sosiologi: Suatu Pengantar, Jakarta. PT Raja Garafindo Persada.
Supriyanto, Eko. Dkk. (2004). Inovasi Pendidikan Isu-Isu Baru Pembelajaran, Manajemen Dan Sistem Pendidikan Di Indonesia, Surakarta. Muhammadiyah University Press.
Wiryanto. (2006). Pengantar Ilmu Komunikasi, Jakarta. Grasindo.
http://www.sulastowo.com/2008/04/11/dampak-negatif-televisi/ diakses Jam 10.30 WIB tanggal 13 April 2008
http://kelompokdiskusi.multiply.com/journal/item/784 diakses Jam 10.35 WIB Tanggal 13 April 2008
Sainul Hermawan Banjarmasin post, 3/8/ 2006.